During the year 1.758 M.VON MARUM, investigating with electrostatic devices, noticed the presence of a characteristic
smell, phenomenon that he wrote in his conclusions.
The same experience for M. Ciukshank in 1.801, carrying out water electrolysis.
Until 1.840 ozone was not classified. It was the scientist SCOBEIN who named it as "OZONE" name that comes from the
Greek language and means "ODOUR".
Since 1.840 to 1.863 we thought it was a hydrogen peroxide until Mr. SORET confirmed that it was a compound where it
only showed up oxygen atoms, and he even gave his formula. Many scientists wanted to determinate his characteristics but
only M.P. OTTO, gave is density, molecular weight, etc. obtaining is production and control on a artificial way.
SIEMENS in 1.857 build the first ozone generator by electric irradiation.
¿But then, whats is the ozone?
The ozone is a form of the oxygen. His molecule O3 is produced from the activity of the oxygen molecule, according to the
endothermic reaction.
64.800 cal + 3 O2 u 2 O3H = 68 Kcs.
We can see that it’s necessary three oxygen molecules to form two ozone molecules.
LThe formula proposed by LAURY et LEWIS, based on which it has been called semi-polar connection, alouds to understand
the properties attributed to the ozone in his action verses other chemical compounds.
Only small concentration of ozone is needed ( 0,2 mg O3/m3 d’air) to confirm the advantages that he offers and that we will
tell in different opportunities, removing his usefulness in different fields, as:
Public atmosphere, sterilisation and water treatment, refrigerators, etc.
On water he presents big solubility, due to coefficient on the balance between the liquid phase and the gaseous phase for
the same conditions of pressure and temperature.
However, you get the balance only in the moment when all the reducible materials that exist in this phase are oxidised. It
will always remain a small quantity of ozone in the water, if we are contributing with ozone to neutralise the action of the reducible
materials that can be formed, and also if the water is purified and suitable for the purpose of her destination.
In normal conditions of pressure and temperature, the ozone is unstable; increasing this instability by an increase of temperature
and humidity getting to a total over 200º C.
After this exposition, we can say that the ozone is:
After the Fluor, ozone is the most oxidant compound due to his easiness in collecting electrons. Easy decomposition.
In gaseous condition his colour is lightly blue; dark blue in liquid condition and dark red in solid condition.
He presents a molecular structure typically angular between the three oxygen atoms that makes his molecule.
At equal conditions, he is more stable on water that on air.
Ozone characteristic
| Weith molecular |
48 |
| Temperature condensation |
- 112 º C |
| Temperature criticism |
- 12.1 º C |
| Fusion temperature |
- 192.5 º C |
| Presure criticism |
54 atm. |
| Density (liquid a –182 1 C) |
1,572 gr/cm 3 |
| Weith per litre of gas (at 0 1 C and 1 atm) |
2,144 gr |
- He is 1,3 heavier that the air.
Natural production of the ozone
The ozone, compound derived from the oxygen, can be found in the atmosphere in small quantities.
His natural formation is due to the action of electrical discharges that are produced in the atmosphere, as well as to the ultraviolets
rays coming from the sun, forward to the oxygen existing in the atmosphere.
Estos fenómenos atmosféricos son los encargados de aportar la energía necesaria para que se forme ozono, según la reacción endotérmica reseñada anteriormente.
Those atmospheric accidents are the ones who are in charge to furnish the necessary energy for the ozone to be formed
according to the endothermic that we have announced before.
You can find it on the nature in bigger or smaller proportions depending on the environment purification rate. We can detect
his penetrating odour in the free spaces and specially after the storms, where there has been a big electrical potential.
On the atmosphere that surrounds the big cities, specially on the confined environments, the absence of ozone is practically
complete, taking into consideration that he has inclinations for all the substances that rarefies the air.
The ozone is one of the essential constituents of the atmosphere, where a cape of ozone called " OZONOSPHERE", acts
as a real filter with this way of doing, the ultraviolets radiation’s irradiated by the sun reaches the earth with only one millionth
part of his action, because if not it would be a disastrous for the humanity.
Artificial formation
The ozone can be obtained by a physical-chemical procedure:
- By electrolyses of the percloric acid on a concentration of –50ºC between Leas cathode (Pb) and Platinum Anode (Pt).
This procedure is not profitable on the industrial point of vue and less in the domestic possibilities.
- By ultraviolets lamps with wave lengths between 1.942 and 1.949 A.. this system of obtaining ozone is not recommended
because as we are working in very short wave lengths, the radiation’s are similar at the ones produced by
de X Ray photons transmitters, which act on the living tissues producing their destruction.
In addition, it si normal that been a radioactive process a big excess of heat is produced, with the additional cost that takes
the evacuation of big mass of heat.
This is were we can demonstrate the big advantages of our production systems, that is called IN COLD due to the fact that
they are normal temperatures, and also because, as it has been demonstrated by many analysis, they don’t produce any type
of radioactive particles.
Following our exposition, the new oxygen (monatomic condition) formed by ozone decomposition, is the most oxidiser after
the Fluor (F). This action of oxidation gives the power of the ozone, destroying organic substances producers of odours, destroying
at the same time bacteria’s, virus and germs of all types.
Ways of action
The ozone makes his destruction action on the following ways:
A) Oxidation action in which only on oxygen atom takes part, (oxidation potential Eo =1,5 V.
B) By Ozonolyses, with formation of ozonurs (HO3). In this case the complete molecule of the ozone takes part over
the organic substances. Those ozonurs are very unstable destroying in different compounds to the organic molecule.
C) Catalysing the oxide effect of the oxygen O2, that has not participated in the formation of the ozone. In this case,
oxygen has a more important role.
Las reacciones del apartado A) son oxidaciones simples, con alta velocidad de reacción (prácticamente instantáneas).
The reactions of section A) are simple oxidations with a very fast reaction (practically instantaneous).The other exposures on sections B) and C) are quite complex and slow, needing high concentrations for them to appear on
a detectable way.
|
